Department Of Education Trio Grant, The Ub Program For...

For instance, funded by the U.S. Department of Education TRIO Grant, the UB Program for English Language Learners (ELL) at Rowan University focuses on providing college preparatory activities and supportive services to low income students in grades 9 or 10 who are able to maintain their GPA at 2.0, who are highly recommended by their teachers or counselors, and who have the desire for higher education (Rowan University at Camden, 2015). The Rowan UB Program continuously identifies and recruits competitive students who are interested in learning English as their preparation for their future academic success and postsecondary attainment. The Upward Bound program seeks to engage youth in a positive program that helps them focus on preparing for a bright future in a safe haven where they can receive support from mentors and teachers. Working with high school and college staff, the Upward Bound program opens new opportunities to motivate more ELL students to pursue higher learning. Therefore, in relation to UB pre-college programs nationwide, this study aims to explore the academic, social, and emotional needs of ELL students who participated in the Rowan’s UB Pre-college Program. The qualitative research findings and recommendations presented in this study can help facilitate the inclusion of students with diverse needs within a larger college community. Second, any suggestions made for the UB program can help inform the high schools and colleges on how to prepare and

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 997 Words

The fresh grass tickled his sticky body as he crushed the living daylights out of them. Beneath the sun’s gaze, he laid still while absorbing the beauty of the outside world. It was perfect. â€Å"Run,† an elderly man shouted at his students, interrupting his photosynthesis moment. â€Å"Off the ground, Junho.† Junho’s eyes unlocked, his vision flooded with the cotton clouds and baby blue sky. The lively looking grass unfolded as Junho hustled to his rowdy coach. The day was too perfect. Preparing himself to run off with much confidence, rain broke out, abruptly stopping him as he made his first step to sprint. Junho took his eyes off the finish line and fixed his stare upon the upsetting clouds. Keeping his stare upon the gray clouds, he tilted†¦show more content†¦Within a few minutes, Junho reached into his stiff pocket and piled a blue and white deck of cards on top of his books along with his white bulky headphones. His headphones shielded rounded ears from the rambling students. â€Å"As time goes by, I only let out sighs. Always blaming the heavens Pounding the floor in regret. Isn’t that why I couldn’t fly or walk?† Consciously stacking card after card, Junho had formed a house of cards. It was perfect. Finishing his masterpiece, he looked back to the rain, building more sighs and the tear-shaped rain fell constantly. Song after song, his view was filled with the house of cards. Three layers of cards, stacked upon one another. Without the bottom, the tower is unstable. Without the bottom, the whole house falls and is no longer one. Without the bottom, the house is nothing. At that very moment, the bell rang and interrupted his gaze. His eyes shifted as the bell rang throughout the school startling him. But he wasn’t the only one startled, the cards collapsed. Junho stared at the fallen cards as the faint beeping rang once more. The bus stop was in full view from where Junho stood. He had to run. The bus wasn’t too far away from it’s designated destination. With such little thought, he prepared himself once more to run. As soon as he met contact with the concrete floor a drop of water targetted him. Rain. Drip drop. One fell right after another like a cycle. The perfect day had been ruined again by the drizzling rain.

Immigration The United States - 2295 Words

Although the United States has absorbed and benefitted from the contributions of the undocumented, their presence has imposed harm to the country’s economy and political stability. Immigrants have taken over American jobs by retrieving several advantages that come along with the country’s policies, as well as harming the country by not assimilating to the culture and sustaining their identities. The influx of immigrants from other parts of the world has prompted an overwhelming change in society and the immigrants themselves due to more opportunities available in the United States. These immigrants have different motives for entering the country, hoping to obtain a better life in the land of opportunities. There is a greater chance of freedom, protection, and benefits, which are a priority to the migrants to achieve the American dream. Although the immigrants are advancing to achieve their goals, the government is advancing towards stabilizing the overcrowding populatio n due to the hazards caused to the environment and the country. Many of these aliens have aspirations and hopes for a better future in this country, and they do not plan to harm it. On the other hand, some are a threat, but they come to reach that goal of self- independence and a new opening of opportunities. The only way to know that their goal has been achieved, is when they first arrive at Ellis Island and they see that symbolic figure of freedom which is The Statue of Liberty. Illegal immigration has beenShow MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of the population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people whoRead MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration is a highly controversial and big problem in the United States today. â€Å"While some characterize our immigration crisis as solely an issue of the 11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants living in this country, our problems extend beyond the number of undocumented people to a broader range of issues. The lack of a comprehensive federal solution has created a slew of lopsided, enforcement-only initiatives that have cost the country billions of dollars while failing to end un authorizedRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe vast majority of people living in the United States are descendants of immigrants, and yet majority of them are against them. It is quickly forgotten that America was built on immigrants that wanted a new life. A life free from harsh government, and the freedom from forced religion. The original settlers were immigrants that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. One usedRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pages Camarota (2007, p.1), director of the Immigration Studies Center, reports there are 1.6 million documented and undocumented migrants take up residence in the United States every year. Camarota goes on to say that the immigrants occupy one-eighth of the total population who settled in the U.S. The flood of aliens, to a significant degree, hinders the development of the United States. Therefore, the issues which relate to immigration must not be neglected, and the government should keep the numberRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration has been a large conversation topic for such a long time in our country. We have worked on policies for immigration, and have made changes to them throughout the duration of our country’s existence. This topic is always worth mentioning and important, but has become a bigger topic once again due to presidential elections and the conversations being had about immigration from said elections. It is not necessarily easily seen if the concern with immigration is who is here legally or limitingRead MoreImmigration : The United States1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is a popular and powerful which many people admire. It is very true that the country prospect and is more enrich. Opening the border might improve the economy or can impact the job market for American citizens. It is the jobs of American citizens to be given more to this illegal immigrant. I believe the U.S. borders should remain closed. While it is clear that opening the borders can have benefits, I believe it is more important to keep jobs available for Americans. In my opinionRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1565 Words   |  7 PagesA native of Mexico, Gonzalez came to the United States using a visa, to visit family members and in 1994, police convicted Gonzalez of the abduction and rape of a Waukegan, Illinois woman. During his conviction his attorney, Vanessa Potkin, addressed that at twenty years old, Gonzalez spoke very little English, had no criminal record, and yet the police wanted to pin the crime on him. Twenty years later, DNA from the crime cleared him of both charges, and Gonzalez is now threatened with deportationRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1077 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year many people move to a foreign country due to facing political issues, escaping a war, or aspiring to have economic welfare and better education. The United States has been welcoming millions of immigrants during its short history. These days many Americans are against the current policy of immigration. They are demanding the government to decrease the number of immigrants who enter their country every year. Ironically, these Americans were immigrants themselves when their ancestors arrived

Human Resource Management - 1145 Words

Within my assignment I would be looking at the effective operation of the human resource management, in terms of recruitment, as well as selection. Within these topics I would be critically discuss how they contribute to organisations, as well as the effect they have on the business. Select two topics from the list below and critically discuss how they contribute to the effective operation of the Human Resouce Management function. Your discussion must include theories and organisational examples. (100 marks). Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection is a very vital aspect in the business world, the reason towards this would be the fact that every organisation would have to consider recruiting, as well as selecting the most†¦show more content†¦This is because the documentation depending on each organisation has different approach of asking the applicant a question. Moreover some organisations, particularly in the retail sector such as HM, include a short questionnaire in which applicants are asked their preferred way of working. Most of these traditional applicant form consists of a series of multiple choice questions partly about personal life, such as how many sibling, as well as attitude, values and preferences. Moreover being able to ask these specific questions would then help the organisation to compare it to the ideal profile that they have which would then look at the similarities the applicants have with an effective job performing employee and non- effective employee. As a result wo uld help them reach a conclusion towards weather accepting the applicant or not. (Beardwell.J. and Claydon.T., 2007:205) There’s a performance based selection at O2, the mobile firm is planning to roll out performance based selection due to successful pilots in one of its call centres and its retail division. This comes against the traditional competency profile, which is mostly used in retail businesses. The selection involves an evaluation interview that focuses on between four and six accomplishments in a candidate’s career. This is what O2 describes as a ‘talent assessment matrix’, which allows to rate skills and behaviour required to beShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compl iance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). Over time Human Resource Management has taken a new role intoRead MoreHuman Resources Management And Human Resource Management2123 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The study of human resource management becomes a major topic of the science of management at the beginning of 20th century and keeps attracting researchers’ attention (Merkle, 1980). The new models of human resource management derive from the advance of management theories and the accumulation of practices and experiences. With the development of global economy, the economic situation of each country deeply affects the world and becomes closely connected. In addition, the needs of customersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources Management Hilti continues to grasp on success and expand globally, but their path weren’t always well defined. The company began in 1941 and historically they’ve kept to traditional strategies when it came to recognizing human resource requirements. In the early 2000’s, the company established a new set initiatives, aimed at doubling revenue and operating profits. Hilti also recognized that this type of growth would require invigorating ideas to employ human resourcing requirementsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Management941 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management is one of the most important aspects of any organization, whether it be non-profit, not for profit, or profit. Human Resources Management is what makes it possible for a manager to be able to focus on their work and tasks at hand and not have to deal with lots of unneeded interpersonal activities. They are in charge of correctly evaluating the candidates that the managers will have to work with for the duration of the candidate’s stay. They are responsible for makingRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management â€Å"They humanize the brand and help workforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. HumanRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1398 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource Management Overview Tanya Phillips Dr. Andrea Scott, PhD HSA 320, Strayer University October 31, 2016 Human Resources Management Overview Human resources (HR) is the different kinds of clinical and nonclinical responsibilities for public and individual health involvement. The benefits and performance the system can deliver depends upon the knowledge, skills and motivation of those responsible for providing health services. Human resource managers don’t directlyRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management2534 Words   |  11 PagesIn most cases managers look at human resource management as an expense to a company rather than a source of benefit to the company however, research has proved that human resource management practices can be of greater value. Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word Exposed

Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word Exposed Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word Options Evaluation essays can cover a whole lot of topics that is the reason why it is employed in a variety of industries and processes. An evaluation essay comprises an objective assessment that's written by means of a person who should be fully-knowledgeable of what he or she's writing about. Since an evaluation essay isn't only part of college essay examples as it may also be utilised in company and company processes, you need to understand the weight of its effectiveness. As with other kinds of essays, it requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Based on the approach you will desire to pursue, there are particular considerations about how to compose a reaction paper to a documentary that you ought to make. There is an extensive selection of evaluation essay examples that are especially created for certain purposes. There are various types of evaluation essays and you ought to bear in mind that every one of them have differences based on the goal of their creation. What can set apart an evaluation essay from several types of academic essays is it can also be utilized in various undertakings within the corporate and skilled environment. The duration of your essay is not what universities search for. This study is designed to develop a system which could be better for the school. If you would like to create a college essay which works, you want to provide importance on the content which you will offer the admissions officer of your intended university with. To prevent common essay mistakes, a number of the things which you should always remind yourself when writing an evaluation essay are given below. The ideal way to evaluate a teacher is usually to do so with the assistance of students. Explain your relationship to the teacher, including details concerning how long you've known the teacher within this capacity together with outlining your history with the teacher in case you have one. A teacher needs to be efficient enough to lead the students to the appropriate path. She needs to measure the ability of a particular student. If you decide on any of the critical thinking essay samples, you will observe the essential structure. The function of the outline is to supply you with a blueprint' of the paper and quick reference when writing. If you would like to make an evaluation essay, you ought to be strategic when it regards the presentation of information that could be useful in the writing activity. The first thing you have to do when writing an evaluation essay is to be knowledgeable in regards to the topic which you will write about. The feature of the quality of a tea cher really matters. In the event you should pick a school, you may want to concentrate on a sure portion of the school like their classes, their food, or something different. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily discover how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. For that reason, it's always recommended that you watch the documentary more often than once as a way to properly digest it and know what it is about. Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word: No Longer a Mystery Quite a few music or internet radio websites have come up on the Internet in the previous five decades. It's possible to also do some investigating to learn more about the points to discuss to be able to present a logical and compelling review. The evaluation of any candidate's performance is a beneficial tool for virtually any university. Our education form templates are totally customizable and can be formatted to satisfy your needs. Teacher Evaluation Essay Samples Word - What Is It? The very first is an e-mail a parent sent before conferences. Evaluation is typically done by companies to understand in case an employee has been doing their work well and if there's growth in conditions of an employee's performance. These evaluations might be announced or not based on the essence of the way that it is being done by the human resource department of the company where you're working at. Sometimes you just need to check at the results a teacher delivers to decide whether they are appropriate for their job or otherwise. Again, the point is to refrain from sounding too opinionated or biased. At the close of the day, it's not simple to conclude that a teacher does their job just because they go to class each day. A teacher and principal's day doesn't always allow for the chance to sit down and discuss teaching.

Song of Solomon a novel Essay Example For Students

Song of Solomon a novel Essay Song of Solomon is a novel of hope while Wide Sargasso Sea is a novel of despair. Discuss this assertion with particular comparison to the representation of culture and society. The quest for self identity is extremely important in defining whether Song of Solomon should be considered as a novel of hope whilst Wide Sargasso Sea is epitomised as a novel of despair. Both Rhys and Morrison recognize self identity being vital for the protagonists to fully realise their roles and live a more contented life. In fact Song of Solomon is considered a novel of hope, primarily because the protagonist Milkman is given the opportunity to explore the history of his ancestors, allowing him to achieve a greater understanding of himself and his past. His understanding secures his own identity and liberates himself from the materialistic values of his father. Furthermore the values and traditions of the black culture are essentially embraced by the end of the novel. This signifies hope, because it metaphorically emphasises that there can be hope for any individual. In contrast the protagonist of Wide Sargasso Sea, Antoinette, is constantly searching for her identity but is much more restricted. As a white Creole woman is post emancipation West Indian society, Antoinette can not move between the black and white cultures without being scorned by both communities and so is constantly the other. Consequently, Antoinette meets a destructive end, continually asking who am I? to little avail. Due to the fact Antoinette experiences more restrictions than Milkman, one must be reasonable when deciding to what extent the novel can classed as hope or despair. The impact of culture and society on the individuals search for identity must also be taken into consideration. Milkman and Antoinettes lives are shaped by their culture and society and it determines why their fate is either full of hope or despair. Morrison and Rhys explore in depth the conflict that arises in black and white cultures. Morrison is concerned with highlighting the diverse interactions and conflicts between individuals and their community, as well as the dilemma African Americans face as they struggle to acquire prosperity and independence without breaking ties with their heritage, which nourishes their black identities. Rhys however, exposes the conflict that arises between the repressed black community and the ignorant white community. For Morrison, Guitar is the product of a repressed black community and one cannot help noticing there is some ironic logic in Guitars explanation about the Seven days; his race argument is identical to that of his oppressors. Guitar and the Seven days represent despair in Morrisons novel. Guitar rejects the values and attitudes of the black middle class and unknowingly perhaps the values of the black lower class. Like Milkman he has no place in society and never does find his place. Likewise for Rhys, Antoinette and Tia are the products of what their society has made them: We stared at each other, blood on my face, tears on hers. It was as if I saw myself. Like in a looking glass (Rhys, pg 23) The looking glass is used as a metaphor by Rhys to emphasise the fact that Tia and Antoinette are the same despite their racial differences but there is little hope in their relationship. Unlike Milkman and Guitar who are able to maintain a friendship because they belong to the same culture (despite their different values), Rhys shows that Antoinette can never have a genuine relationship with any black person in the novel due the ideological barriers implanted in the colonial system of white rule. Even her relationship with Christophine is disrupted and questioned by Rochester who represents the cultural position of an English coloniser, commenting in a disdainful tone Slavery was not a matter of liking of disliking It was a question of justice (Rhys, pg 94). .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 , .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .postImageUrl , .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 , .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:hover , .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:visited , .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:active { border:0!important; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:active , .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116 .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3cc8b72fcdab435b70bf50e6ac686116:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oklahoma Broadway Musical EssayThe openings of both novels suggest quite clearly why the assertions hope and despair could be applicable. Song of Solomon opens with an insurance salesman with wide blue wings who leaps off a hospital roof, which Morrison contrasts with spilling red velvet rose petals which are scattered onto white snow. The use of bright colours symbolise both hope and despair, since red has many connotations and could be an early indicator that the novel will be plagued with conflict between two difference societies, with the white snow perhaps representing the white community and the red velvet roses the aspiring black community. Alternatively the insurance salesman with his wide blue wings is not presented by Morrison as man simply committing suicide which typifies despair, but as a man who through his death symbolises freedom and flight. In contrast the violent death of Annettes horse in the introduction of Wide Sargasso Sea evokes images of death and chaos. The death of the horse foreshadows Antoinettes abandonment and violent death, similarly Robert Smiths death prefigures the end of the novel as well as establishing the theme of flight which becomes a regular motif in the novel. Morrison and Rhys through their exploration of the divisions in society present ideas of despair and hope. The contrast between the Ruth the wealthy middle class woman and Pilate the poor woman in Song of Solomon shows the class divide in the black community. It is not seen entirely as a despairing situation as Morrison shows that even though there are problems the division can be overcome, this is seen through Pilate and Ruth being able to look deep into each others eye, and the black community being brought together to witness Smiths suicide. The black people are unified against the white culture through calling a street Not Doctor Street as opposed to the whites who stated it must be called Mains Avenue. In comparison Rhys shows in Wide Sargasso Sea that within the white culture there is a deeper divide between the rich and the poor, with Antoinettes family suffering extreme poverty, and their neighbour Mr Luttrell being driven by poverty to commit suicide. In poverty Antoinettes family are isolated, no one came near us. They are called by the blacks white cockroaches. Being scorned by the black community shows a power struggle, it is almost a reversal of power. End of 1000 words Even after Mr Mason has rescued Antoinettes family from poverty, Antoinette the narrator finds they cannot be embraced into the white culture even with their newfound wealth. Being Creole Antoinettes family is perceived as being racially impure, thus they are rejected by Mr Masons white English friends who scorn her mother as she dances with Mr Mason, stating Mr Mason has made a fantastic marriage and he will regret it. Antoinette is able to identify with the black culture, this is seen when she calls Mr Mason who is the representative of the colonial centre white pappy. However Rhys demonstrates throughout the novel Antoinette cannot be accepted by either culture making the assertion despair valid. Singing is used by both authors as a common motif in their novels. It is an oral tradition that is identified as integral to the black culture, and both authors accentuate its importance, particularly Morrison as she uses it as a constructive link to the Dead ancestors. It is seen as a source from which comfort can be derived and unity gained. The song of Solomon allows Milkman to be united with his heritage as he discovers his families past through the verses which contain an oral history of Solomons family, listing the names of the twenty-one children who were left behind when Solomon cut across the sky/Solomon gone home (pg 303). Morrison highlights the hope singing can bring through Milkmans reaction when he memorizes his ancestors names and becomes as excited as a child confronted with boxes and boxes of presents (303). .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a , .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .postImageUrl , .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a , .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:hover , .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:visited , .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:active { border:0!important; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:active , .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91731bb6a33488c764432cf9c043996a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry and Highly Musical Verse EssayThe unwrapping of presents is used by Morrison as a metaphor to show that as the presents become unwrapped so does Milkmans identity. Singing in Song of Solomon therefore symbolises hope as Morrison demonstrates that by embracing ones roots one is able to embrace their future. Morrison conveys the idea that the past not only lingers in memories but in the present through songs and stories, waiting to be understood in order to allow one to move forward.

A Real Time Hand Gesture Recognition

Question: Write about theA Real Time Hand Gesture Recognition. Answer: Introduction Many diversified applications consider virtual environments as an efficient human computer interaction forms. There are many applications that require natural form of human computer interaction. Existing human-computer interactions method using mouse, keyboards and pens are not sufficient to support natural interaction with the computer. Hence, researchers always had an interest to explore new and natural form of human-computer interactions. Hand gestures based methods opened the gateway for the new methods of human computer interactions. In the beginning Gloves and sensor based tracker methods were introduced. These methods were not efficient, had many limitations and were not comfortable in use. Thus, new innovative methods were searched for a natural form of human computer based interaction. Direct use of hand through graphical based interfaces has proved to be a better from of natural human computer interaction. Computer vision technology and human-computer interaction have helped in designing and implementing many natural forms of human-computer interaction systems. These include interactions through gestures, speech, facial expressions, etc. Hand gesture recognition system thus is a human-computer interaction system that is capable of recognizing various gestures of a human hand. The human gesture can be static or dynamic. Different methods have been proposed and implemented for recognizing human hand gestures. Some methods make use of external devices like gloves and some make use of skin color to segment the hand features. This research work makes use of Hidden Markov Model along with morphological operations in recognizing hand gestures for a natural HCI system. Over the years of research on Hidden Markov Model has proven that these models performances are better than the others like artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, for pattern recognition. Thus, this works makes use of simple k ind of integration of digital image processing techniques and Hidden Markov model based methodology for hand gesture recognition. The methodology is given in section below after theoretical description. Methodology first explains the overall system workflow diagram and each step of the diagram and the process undertaken in it are explained in the section following it. Finally the experimentation and the results are described in sections following it. Theoretical Foundation Hand Detection Gesture is a sort of non-verbal method of conveying message where in a bodily based actions are used to communicate a message. Gestures are categorized as static or dynamic. In the first form of category the static gesture the bodily part remain in certain pose or positions and are thus easier to compute and in dynamic gesture the bodily part is represented through sequence of postures and is more complex in nature to compute. Since communication is evolving so are new methods of communication are sought for (Chen, Fu, and Huang, 2003). Among them one of the emerging methods are acquiring information of message through recognition of gestures systems. Existing methods on gesture recognition focus on devices like data gloves, color markers, skin color, hand body part movement etc. Gesture recognition has opened gates for new methods of Human-Computer interaction even more powerful than Graphical User interfaces based on mouse and keyboards. Gesture recognition can enable human to interact with the machine with no external devices like mechanical devices in use. Gesture recognition is broadly classified as Glove based Gesture Recognition and Vision-Based Gesture Recognition. Glove based Gesture recognition has a drawback that it hides the naturalness as it needs accessories in the form of devices to interact with machines. But Vision-based gesture recognition uses features from the Visual image of body part like hand and compares its features with those features extracted from web camera (Ionescu, et. al, 2005). Gaussian Blurred Filter Gaussian Blur filter is a variant of a blur filter. This filter for a given selection selects only a part of an image and blurs its. This may result in color leakage from unblurred area to the blurred area of the image. Thus, Gaussian filter is used to blur the images by removing noise and details from it. The one dimensions Gaussian function is defined as: In the above equation, is known as the standard deviation of the distribution .The mean value of this distribution is 0. Images should be of two-dimensional Gaussian functions (Mitra and Acharya, 2007) which are the product of two one-dimensional Gaussian functions for each direction and thus is given by the following equation: Thus, for images the Gaussian filter works using two-dimensional distribution function as a point-spread function and thus the blurring of the image is achieved by convolving the image with the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution function of the image. Figure 1: a. Image with noise b. Image after filtering (Ng and Ranganath, 2002) RGB to HSV The RGB model contains three primary color red, green and blue. It symbolizes the cathode ray tube based color model. These are called as the primary colors and their combination can result in the production of any other desired color. The RGB color model makes use of the Cartesian coordinate based system (Sarkar, Sanyal, and Majumder, 2013). The RGB color model and the Cartesian system is given in the figure below. The diagonal which has coordinates (0,0,0) represents black color and (1,1,1) represents white color totally defines the gray-scale. Figure 2: RGB Model HSV Color Model The HSV color model represents the Hue, saturation and value of an image. The HSV coordinate system is in a hexacone as given in the figure below. The values of the coordinates represent the intensity of a color (Yang and Ahuja, 2001). The hue value changes from 0 to 1 for various colors starting from 0 to red than yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta and again 1 o red. Saturation value also varies from 0 to 1 and corresponds to the unsaturated shades representing shades of grey to fully saturated shades representing no white based colors. Brightness value varies from 0 to 1 and it corresponds to the light intensity of a color with 0 as less to brighter value at 1. Figure 3: a. HSV coordinate system b. HSV Color Model RGB to HSV Conversion Considering the figure below, the point P in the figure has a hue measured at an angle between the line connecting triangle center and RED point and triangle center and P point (Zhu, et. al., 2000). Figure 4: RGB to HSV For a given point P the is defined as the distance between the point P and the triangle center and finally the intensity for the point P is given as the height of the line which is perpendicular to the given triangle and passes through its center (Anzai, 2012). Thus, from the above description, the RGB to HSV conversion formula is given below. Morphological Process Morphological operations are the application of non-linear operations on the features of an image. These operations rely on the relative pixels of the image. These operations make use of structuring element which is a matrix which is placed on all the possible locations of the input image (Chen, Georganas, and Petriu, 2007). The structuring element combines the input binary image using a set of operations like intersection, union, etc. the morphological operations are erosion, dilation, boundary detection, openness, etc. Canny Edge Detection The Canny edge detection is an edge location algorithm that uses a multi-stage calculation to detect edges of the image (Lee and Kim, 1999). It was developed by John F. Shrewd in 1986. Canny edge detection algorithm process is given below: First make use of Gaussian channel based filter to blur the picture Compute the force inclinations of the given input image. Then non-greatest concealment is applied to dispose of any suspicious points which acts as hindrances to edge discovery Twofold limit is applied on the image to help in deciding the edges Finally the edges are recognized by smothering the edges that are frail and not associated with solid edges. Blob Detection Blob detection is used to detect specific regions of an image that differ from the surrounding image in properties like brightness, color, etc. blob detectors are of two types one the differential method which is dependent on the derivate of the function related to the position of the region and the other is based on the local maxima and minima function of the region (Murthy and Jadon, 2009). HMM -Hidden Markov Model Consider a person has three coins and he tosses those coins in a sequence known to him. The total outcome of flipping the coins is the observation sequence of the whole event. Now the persons standing outside the room is not aware of the sequence of the coins. Now if one considers that the third coin outcome is mostly tails and if all the coins are tossed in equal probability then one can easily say that the number of tails is more than the heads. If the probability of moving the state of the first coin or the second coin to the state of the third coin is zero and then tossing is started using first and second coins then the outcome sequence of the toss shall result in more tails due to the transition of probabilities between the state of coins and the initial state of the coins (Ramamoorthy et. al., 2003). Thus, the given example forms three sets one the set of individual bias, the seconds the set of transition of probabilities and the third the set of initial probabilities. These s et form the basis of Hidden Markov Model. Hidden Markov model is thus defined as a collection of finite states which are connected by a transition. Each state has two sets of probabilities a transition probability and the other a discrete output probability or continuous output probability. These output probability density function define the condition of producing a given output from an input random vector. Experiment, Methods and Design Methodology The methodology for hand gesture recognition system is based on the following figure: Figure 5: Methodology The gesture recognition system is capable of identifying meaningful gesture in real-time from color image sequences using HMM. The steps and the explanation for the given methodology are given below: Step 1: acquire image from the video Using webcam of good resolution a video is acquired by the system. The video is broken into image sequences at a given interval to give images of the hand. Step 2: preprocessing of the image Since the image acquired from the webcam may be noisy thus to make the image perfect for hand detection it is essential to do some preprocessing of the image. This includes segmentation of the image, morphological operations, filtering and de-noising of the image. First, the image is converted into HSV scale from the colored RGB model. This generates a binary image with binary threshold values (Suk, Sin, and Lee, 2008). Now in the segmentation process, the background image and the foreground image is segmented using a selection of an adequate threshold of gray level. This segmentation separates the hand part of the image from the background image. Existing Research has proved that OStu segmentation algorithm has good results on hand gestures and hence this algorithm is used for segmentation of the image. The segmented image using Otsu algorithm has some background part with 1 values as background noise and some hand part of the image as 0 values as gesture noise. This morphological filtering consisting of dilation and erosion is used to get an image with smooth and closed filtered image (Yeasin and Chaudhuri, 2000). To have accurate hand gesture position in the image blob detection is carried out on the image. This helps in identifying the centroid point, boundary area and bounding box for the hand gesture. Canny edge detection algorithm is applied to the image to smooth the image, eliminate any noises if any then find the edges of the hand gesture giving a black and white image with white lines representing the boundary or the edge of the hand gesture. Step 3: Feature extraction For each binary image of the hand, a Fourier Descriptor (FD) is formed which represents the boundary of the image. The boundary of the image is represented as bk= xk+jyk where xk and yk represent the boundary pixels. This number is resampled at fixed length sequences. Thus, for an image a discrete vector is formed which represents the features of the image like centroid, orientation etc. this discrete vector is given to the HMM as an input. Step 4: HMM-based gesture recognition The final step is the classification of the image into the set of already defined hand gestures. HMM is made up of five stages with a feed forward algorithm. The discrete input vector is quantized (Zhu, Xu and Kriegman, 2002). The HMM is trained using the BaumWelch re-estimation formulas. The training identifies the initial probability vector, transitions probability matrix, and observation probability matrix. In training, the discrete vector is used to construct gesture database which contains isolated hand gestures. In this work, the system is designed for recognizing gesture by zero-code word detection where each gesture ending with a line segment is assigned a zero code word. After the training process, the feed forward algorithm is applied. This algorithm computes the probability of the input discrete vector sequences for HMM topology. This results in the gesture path corresponding to the maximal likelihood of the database gestures. The one with maximum likelihood is selected as the recognized hand gesture (Sarkar, Sanyal and Majumder, 2013). Experimentation Using the above methodology the Hand gesture recognition system is designed in C++ language on Visual studio platform. OpenCV libraries have been used to help in the programming to have integration of some functions supporting digital image processing using C++ language. First the hand movements are captured via a video camera or a web camera of the laptop. This is done using the command Video Capture cap. Once a video is captured it is divided into the snapshots of the images to get image of the hand. A good image is selected and that particular image is converted into HSV from the existing RGB format using the function COLOR BGR2HSV code (Mitra and Acharya, 2007). Using the concept of image segmentation the foreground and background images are segmented. The skin color is determined using the HSV values and the image is converted to binary form for image segmentation. Edges of the hand are determined using the edge detection algorithm and then the feature extraction is helpful to convert the image into vector. After then the HMM is used to generate close templates to identify gestures. The above algorithm is executed on the C++ based environment. Results The following figure displays the result of the hand gesture recognition using the designed system. Figure 6: HSV Control Figure 7: a. Original image b. HSV image Figure 8: a. Edge detection output b. Threshold image Conclusion Nowadays, gesture-based recognition system research has increased and new techniques and methods are carried out daily for enhancing the accuracy of the overall system. This work successfully implements a hand gesture recognition system for a given video of hand gesture movement. This work makes use of image segmentation to segment the foreground and background of the image, and then carries out morphological filtering of the image to remove the noise and enhance the image (Chen, Georganas, and Petriu, 2007). Then the edges of the hand gesture are recognized and the boundary of the image is transformed to a discrete random vector. This vector is given to the HMM for classification of the hand gesture based on the training database already created. The program was successfully able to recognize hand gesture and it is proposed that the accuracy of the system is about 92%. References Alsheakhali, M., Skaik, A., Aldahdouh, M. and Alhelou, M., 2011. Hand Gesture Recognition System.Information Communication Systems,132. Anzai, Y., 2012.Pattern Recognition Machine Learning. Elsevier. Chen, F.S., Fu, C.M. and Huang, C.L., 2003. Hand gesture recognition using a real-time tracking method and hidden Markov models.Image and vision computing,21(8), pp.745-758. Chen, Q., Georganas, N.D. and Petriu, E.M., 2007, May. Real-time vision-based hand gesture recognition using haar-like features. InInstrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, 2007. IMTC 2007. IEEE(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Ionescu, B., Coquin, D., Lambert, P. and Buzuloiu, V., 2005. 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